Cervical Cancer: An In-Depth Look at Prevention, Causes, and Treatment
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Introduction:
Cervical cancer stands as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally, making it a significant public health concern. Approximately 604,000 women received diagnoses worldwide in 2020, highlighting the need for increased awareness and proactive measures for prevention. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, in her recent presentation of the Interim Budget for 2024, emphasized the government’s commitment to promoting vaccination for girls aged 9 to 14 years to combat cervical cancer.
Causes and Risk Factors:
The leading cause of cervical cancer in 99% of cases is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection affecting the throat, genitals, and skin. While the immune system typically clears the majority of HPV infections, persistent cases can lead to the growth of abnormal cells, potentially progressing to cancer. Those with weakened immune systems, young mothers, hormonal contraceptive users, smokers, and individuals with other sexually transmitted infections face an elevated risk of developing cervical cancer.
Preventive Measures:
Prevention plays a pivotal role in addressing cervical cancer. The government’s initiative to encourage vaccination for adolescent girls, along with the potential inclusion of an India-made quadrivalent vaccine in the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP), represents a proactive step toward comprehensive preventive measures. Additionally, promoting safe sexual practices, regular screenings, and awareness campaigns can significantly contribute to reducing cervical cancer incidence.
Symptoms:
Early detection relies on recognizing the symptoms associated with cervical cancer. Common signs include abnormal bleeding between periods, post-menopausal bleeding, or bleeding after sexual intercourse, increased or unpleasant-smelling vaginal discharge, persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis, weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, vaginal discomfort, and swelling in the legs. Prompt medical attention is crucial upon noticing these symptoms for timely diagnosis and intervention.Diagnostic
Tests and Treatment:
An accurate diagnosis of cervical cancer requires a diagnostic test administered by a qualified medical professional. Once diagnosed, treatment options may involve surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and secondary care for pain management. The prognosis significantly improves with early detection, positioning cervical cancer as one of the most treatable forms of cancer.
Conclusion:
Despite its common occurrence, cervical cancer is highly preventable and treatable when identified early. Government initiatives, including vaccination campaigns, underscore the commitment to women’s health. Individuals must be informed about the causes, risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures associated with cervical cancer. Through heightened awareness, education, and accessible healthcare, collective efforts can work toward reducing the global burden of this disease and ensuring a healthier future for women worldwide.
Understanding Cervical Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know
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